Surface condenser.



D. A. QUIGGIN. SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEET S-SHEET 1.

1). A. QUIGGIN.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

989,41 5. I Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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SURFACE CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2,1908.

989,415,, Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

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DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL ARTHUR QUIG- cm, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain,

and residing in Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Surface Condensers, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to surface condensers, the object being toincrease their efiiciency generally,'and it is specially applicableinthe case of condensers required to maintain a high degree of'vacuum.Such condensers comprise broadly a main casing through which thecondensing tubes extend, with an inlet for the steam and an outlet oroutlets for the condensed steam and air, a tube plate at each end of thecasing in which the condensing tubesv are fixed and water chambersbeyond the tube plates with the necessary passages for the flow of theoircu lating water. One of the chief features of my invention is to soshape the main casing thatthe steam shall have very free access to thecondensing surfaces, and that the air shall be carried by its momentumor kinetic ener toward the air outlet, so as to acquire a higherpressure thereat than prevails generally within the casing. I

The condensing tubes are preferably of the self-draining or cresentsection type described in the s ecification of my prior application forl ietters Patent Serial No. 399564, filed October 28th 1907 granted June22, 1909, No. 925,506.

I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figures 1 and 2 show in longitudinal and transverse sectional elevationon the line A. A. respectively, a condenser suitable for maintaining ahigh degree of vacuum, and Fig. 3 is a plan thereo Figs. 4 and 5 areviews analogous to Figs. 1 and 2, showing a form of condenser suitablein cases where.

tion, a are the tube plates, 5 the tubes, 6, is

the circulating water inlet, and 7 the circulating water outlet. Ingiving the casing 1 the special form shown the objects are Specificationof Letters Patent.

' bars 11 being Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

Application filed May 2, 1908. Serial No. 430,591.

broadly,to provide for the dynamic action due to the momentum of the airas described, to provide very free access of the steam to the condensingsurfaces, and to effect the distribution of the steam so that all theheating surfaces are as far as possible equalized in efficiency, as incondensers of ordinary form the steam tends to short-circuit toward theoutlet, leaving much of the heating surface comparatively ineffective.With these objects in view the casing diverges rapidly from the steaminlet 2 about the level of the top of the stack of tubes, and the wallsare preferably made bulbous toward each end of the casing as indicatedat 8, so that the steam has access not only to the top of the tube stackbut to the sides also for some depth, so' that very free access isprovided. The" bulbous portions or pockets 8 tend to distribute thesteam toward the ends of the condenser, counteracting the tendency topass mainly down the center, and for the same reason the perforated andinclined deflectors 9 are fitted in the entrance way of the steam, andthe outlet 3 communicates with the interior of the casing through theslit l0 extendin' the whole length, the cross tted to break the flow andstrengthen the casing.

I have found that the flat water chambers usually employed in apparatusof this class do notguide and distribute the circulating water in asatisfactory mannerinto the tubes, as the water flows transversely tothe tube ends. I accordingly curve the doors 12, forming (in conjunctionwith the tube plates) the water chambers 13, so that the water is guidedwith a Wheeling motion out of the. one stack of tubes into the next.Forthe same purpose I fit deflectors 14, (preferably cast on the doors),to prevent the direct transverse flow of the water, and I also in somecases fit. perforatedplates such as 15 to further guide and distributethe flow of water. Where the special form of condensing tubes,alreadyreferred to is used, the tubesare generally arranged, for thereason stated in specification of my U. S. Letters Patentbefore referredto, so

that the circulating Jwater in passing through the tubes flows from thelarger toalready described, except that the air outlet 16 is arrangedseparate from and atahigher level than the water outlet 3*, the combinedair and water outlet 3 being arranged on the side of a pocket 17 at sucha level thatit traps the water above the level of the lowermost tubes,so that the latter are always submerged inthe water of condensation witha corresponding cooling eifect thereon. The lower flange 18 of theteepiece '19 attached to the outlet 3 is connected usually to a pump,and the upper branch 20 is left open to the atmosphere for the escape ofair if it is not desired to maintain a vacuum, or otherwise it isconnected to'the air pump.-

Fig. 6 shows a modified form of device for the water delivery wherebythe depth of submergence of the tubes may be varied to suitcircumstances. The trap 21 is made with an internal weir 22 and it isconnected to the condenser and the delivery pipe 23 by swiveling joints.The projecting spigot 24 of the trap makes metallic joint with thecondenser andis drawn into osition by the studs 25 passing through theange 26 which is screwed freely over the branch of the trap. By slackingthe bolts 25 and turning the trap out of the vertical, the effectiveheight of the weir 22 can be reduced at will so as to give the desireddepth of submergence.

The tubes are in general laid with a slope, but where itis desired tocool the water of condensation, they may be laid horizontally, so thatthe drainage flows slowly along the troughs of the tubes and so issubjected to a more prolonged cooling effect of the circulating water.

Having now fully described my invention, I declare that what I'claim anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a condenser having an inletand an outlet end in which the tubes are arranged transversely to theflow of the steam; contransversely to the flow of the steam; condensingtubes arranged in a stack of wedgelike form with its base lyinguppermost toward the steam inlet and its apex lying downward toward theoutlet; and a casing inclosing said tubes, divergent from thesteam inletdown to the top of the tube stack and thence converging toward theoutlet in conformity with the tube stack, and having a narrow outletopening extending along the bottom of the casing, substantially asdescribed.

3. In a condenser having an inlet and an outleteend in which the tubesare arranged transversely to the flow of the steam; condensing tubesarranged in a stack-of wedgelike form with its base lying uppermosttoward the steam inlet and its apex lying downward toward the outlet;and a casing inclosing said tubes, divergent from the steam inlet downto the top of the tube stack and thence converging toward the outlet inconformity with the tube stack, said casing having bulbous portions 8adapted to give the steam free access to'the sides of the tube stack andto distribute the steam necting the stacks of tubes together, the endwalls of the casing being of curved form, deflectors in said chambersacting with the curved form of the end walls to guide the circulatingwater from one stack of tubes to the next with a whirling motion, and

perforated plates in said chambers.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence ofsubscribing witnesses. DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN. Witnesses:

J. E. LLOYD BARNES, JOSEPH E. Hms'r.

